What does psychosocial health mean

Treatments include hospitalization, medication, and supportive therapy. Suicide: More than 36, people in the United States die by suicide every year; our country's 10th leading cause of death.

It is often characterized as a response to a single event or set of circumstances. The factors that contribute to any particular suicide are diverse and complex. While some suicides occur without any outward warning, most people who are suicidal do give warnings.

Prevent the suicide of loved ones by learning to recognize the signs of someone at risk, taking those signs seriously and knowing how to respond to them. Fifty to 75 percent of all suicides give some warning of their intentions to a friend or family member. Show care and concern, but be direct, ask if they are considering suicide Be Willing to Listen: Ask if they are taking any medications or seeing a therapist.

Offer hope, never argument. Seek Professional Help: Help the individual seek out a mental health professional. In an Acute Crisis Situation: The primary sign of a suicide crisis situation surrounds an individual who is talking about, or threatening suicide.

The important thing to understand is that feeling suicidal is not a character defect, and it doesn't mean that a person is crazy, weak, or flawed. It only means that the person has more pain than they feel capable of coping with. But help is out there. Talking openly about suicidal thoughts and feelings can save a life. So don't wait: reach out. Mental Health Professionals: Psychiatrist: A medical doctor who spends up to 12 years studying psychosocial health and disease.

A psychiatrist is able to write prescriptions. Psychoanalyst: Usually a psychiatrist or a clinical psychologist, who is trained in the psychoanalysis method of treating emotional disorders. Psychologist: Usually is a Ph. Licensed Mental Health Therapist or Counselor: Usually holds a master's degree in counseling, or psychology, they often specialize in one type of counseling such as family, marital, relationship, children, etc.

Psychiatric Nurse Specialist: Certified by the American Nursing Association in adult, child, or adolescent psychiatric nursing. Anxiety disorders affect between 20 and 30 million people.

Military Veteran Statistics from the JED Foundation: Estimated , veterans and their dependents are currently enrolled in American institutions of higher education, representing 4 percent of the total undergraduate population. Military undergraduates tend to be younger than veterans in general, but older than traditional undergraduates. In —08, some 85 percent of military undergraduates were aged 24 or older. Women represented 27 percent of all military undergraduates in —08, although they made up just 7 percent of all U.

Twenty-one percent attended public four-year colleges. Private for-profit and private not-for-profit four-year institutions each enrolled about one-eighth of all military undergraduates. Nearly 20 percent of U. RAND — rand. More than half of the estimated , military service members who are suffering from depression, post-traumatic stress disorders, and traumatic brain injury are going without treatment because of the gaps in mental health care and stigma issues.

Over half of surveyed soldiers who met criteria for a psychological health problem thought they would be perceived as weak, treated differently, or blamed for their problem if they sought help DOD Task Force on MH. Suicide Statistics from the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention: The latest data available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that 36, suicide deaths were reported in the U.

This latest rise places suicide again as the tenth leading cause of death in the U. Nationally, the suicide rate increased 2. The rate of suicide has been increasing since This is the highest rate of suicide in fifteen years.

Every Nearly 1,, people make a suicide attempt every year. Most people with mental illness do not die by suicide.

Men are nearly 4 times more likely to die by suicide than women. Women attempt suicide 3 times as often as men. Suicide rates are highest for people between the ages of 40 and White individuals are most likely to die by suicide, followed by Native American peoples. In a national survey by the McKinsey Global Institute and International Data Corp concerning email: The average employee spends 28 percent of a normal work day reading, writing or responding to email, which amounts to: 2 hours and 14 minutes daily 13 hours in an average workweek 78 days of work in the average year The average monthly time a person spends on a Facebook per month.

Know Your Numbers. What is Your Emotional Intelligence? Attributes of Emotional Intelligence: Self-Awareness: Do you recognize your own emotions and how they affect your thoughts and behavior? Do you know your strengths and weaknesses? Do you have self-confidence? Self-Management: Are you able to control impulsive feelings and behaviors?

Can you manage your emotions in healthy ways? Do you take initiative? Do you follow through on commitments? Do you adapt to changing circumstances? Social Awareness: Can you understand the emotions, needs, and concerns of other people? Do you pick up on emotional cues?

Do you feel comfortable socially? Can you recognize the power dynamics in a group or organization? Relationship Management: Do you know how to develop and maintain good relationships? Can you communicate clearly? Do you inspire and influence others? Can you work well in a team? Can you manage conflict? Thoughts for Living. These exist at a level below and are modified by macro-social structures that relate to ownership and control of land and businesses, legal and welfare structures, as well as distribution of income and other resources between groups and individuals.

All these are manifested in interpersonal relationships. Thus, psychosocial explanations of health are essentially viewed here as processes that cannot be fully captured by single measures at one level, but require due attention to macro and micro individual level factors as well. However, not all processes from macro through meso to the individual micro level are psychosocial. To our mind a central constituent of a psychosocial explanation of health is that macro- and meso-level social processes lead to perceptions and psychological processes at the individual level.

These psychological changes can influence health through direct psychobiological processes or through modified behaviours and lifestyles Figure 1. Thus, unemployment that leads to loss of income and an inability to buy material necessities of life does not constitute a psychosocial explanation of health.

However, a psychosocial process is operating when unemployment leads to loss of self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness that affect health via direct psychobiological processes or through modified behaviours and lifestyles.

We are not entirely certain whether psychosocial processes can be evoked in the absence of conscious individual level changes, such as perceptions of stress or social isolation dashed lines in Figure 1. Research into the effects of working conditions on health, where control at work has been measured using self-reports and independent assessments, provides an interesting illustration of this issue.

Both measures of control have been associated with health outcomes, although these associations are independent of one another and differ in magnitude somewhat.

Methodological problems of observational epidemiology particularly as they relate to confounding, contamination of cause and effect, measurement error, and challenges of longitudinal data analyses are formidable obstacles in psychosocial epidemiology.

Because of these challenges it is still unclear what the exact contribution of psychosocial processes are in explaining incidence of disease. However, many of these difficulties also apply to social epidemiological inquiry more generally, and therefore to non-psychosocial approaches that provide alternative explanations for the effects of social factors on health. Together with other approaches to disease epidemiology such as life course, materialist, and multi-level approaches—that overlap and cross-fertilize each other—the psychosocial approach has directed more research emphasis on the causal pathways and mechanisms mediating the influences of the social determinants on health.

Specifying theoretical causal relationships and testable hypotheses between explanatory variables will become all the more important as the number of longitudinal studies with longer-term follow-up grow. Psychosocial variables will have to take their place within such models, with clearly theorized links to both their hypothesized precursors and outcomes. If we wish to contribute to the development of policy to improve health, the complex combinations of social, psychological and biological processes that contribute to ill-health need to be clarified.

Once adequate conceptual models are in place, it will be clear that both the distributions and the effects of psyhcosocial factors are subject to change. Large differences e. Specific explanations and constant re-evaluating and updating of evidence is needed. Explanations that are based on one underlying factor are difficult to reconcile with the wide variability in research results on social determinants of ill-health.

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