What does html look like

Include spread-sheets, video clips, sound clips, and other applications directly in their documents. What is CSS? What is WebFonts? Examples The following very simple example of a portion of an HTML document illustrates how to create a link within a paragraph. Validators Markup CSS. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content.

Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. The markup tells web browsers how to display a web page's words and images. Some elements come in pairs that indicate when some display effect is to begin and when it is to end.

HyperText Markup Language is the computer language that facilitates website creation. The language, which has code words and syntax just like any other language, is relatively easy to comprehend and, as time goes on, increasingly powerful in what it allows someone to create.

HTML continues to evolve to meet the demands and requirements of the Internet under the guise of the World Wide Web Consortium, the organization that designs and maintains the language; for instance, with the transition to Web 2. Each of the lines are explained below in further detail. It uses the same basic rules as HTML4, but adds some new tags and attributes which allow for better semantics and for dynamic elements that are activated using JavaScript.

There are also new input types for forms , which include tel, search, url, e-mail, datetime, date, month, week, time, datetime-local, number, range, and color. With the increasing movement to keep structure and style separate, some styling elements were removed.

Also tags with accessibility issues or saw very little use were also removed. HTML5 also simplifies the doctype declaration to the tag in the following box.

Because HTML is a markup language, it can be created and viewed in any text editor if saved with a. Once the HTML file is created, it can be viewed locally or uploaded to a web server to be viewed online using a browser.

HTML files use either the. Older versions of Windows Windows 3. Our page also has three subheads. Mark them up as Heading Level 2 h2 elements in a similar manner. Finally, in the Catering section, I want to emphasize that visitors should just leave the cooking to us.

To make text emphasized, mark it up in an emphasis element em element, as shown here. You should see a page that looks much like the one in Figure With the elements properly identified, the browser can now display the text in a more meaningful manner.

Although it may seem like stating the obvious, it is worth pointing out that the heading and paragraph elements start on new lines and do not run together as they did before. That is because by default, headings and paragraphs display as block elements. Browsers treat block elements as though they are in little rectangular boxes, stacked up in the page. Each block element begins on a new line, and some space is also usually added above and below the entire element by default.

In Figure , the edges of the block elements are outlined in red. By contrast, look at the text we marked up as emphasized em. It does not start a new line, but rather stays in the flow of the paragraph. That is because the em element is an inline element. Inline elements do not start new lines; they just go with the flow. In Figure , the inline em element is outlined in light blue.

You can leave notes in the source document for yourself and others by marking them up as comments. Comments are useful for labeling and organizing long documents, particularly when they are shared by a team of developers.

In this example, comments are used to point out the section of the source that contains the navigation. It cuts some bytes off the file size as well. The other thing that you will notice about the marked-up page in Figure and Figure is that the browser makes an attempt to give the page some visual hierarchy by making the first-level heading the biggest and boldest thing on the page, with the second-level headings slightly smaller, and so on.

How does the browser determine what an h1 should look like? It uses a style sheet! All browsers have their own built-in style sheets called user agent style sheets in the spec that describe the default rendering of elements. The default rendering is similar from browser to browser for example, h1 s are always big and bold , but there are some variations long quotes may or may not be indented. If you think the h1 is too big and clunky as the browser renders it, just change it with a style sheet rule.

In the days before ubiquitous style sheet support, elements were abused in just that way. What fun is a web page with no image? Images will be discussed in more detail in Chapter 7 , but for now, it gives us an opportunity to introduce two more basic markup concepts: empty elements and attributes.

A handful of elements, however, do not have text content because they are used to provide a simple directive. These elements are said to be empty. The image element img is an example of such an element; it tells the browser to get an image file from the server and insert it at that spot in the flow of the text. Figure shows the very simple syntax of an empty element compare to Figure In XHTML, all elements, including empty elements, must be closed or terminated , to use the proper term.

Attributes are instructions that clarify or modify an element. The syntax for an attribute is as follows:. Attributes go after the element name, separated by a space. In non-empty elements, attributes go in the opening tag only:. You can also put more than one attribute in an element in any order. Just keep them separated with spaces. For another way to look at it, Figure shows an img element with its required attributes labeled.

There may be several attributes applied to an element, separated by spaces in the opening tag. Their order is not important. In HTML, some attribute values can be reduced to single descriptive words—for example, the checked attribute, which makes a checkbox checked when a form loads.

You may hear this type of attribute called a Boolean attribute because it describes a feature that is either on or off.

A value might be a number, a word, a string of text, a URL, or a measurement, depending on the purpose of the attribute. Many developers like the consistency and tidiness of quotation marks even when authoring HTML. Either single or double quotation marks are acceptable as long as they are used consistently; however, double quotation marks are the convention. Some attributes are required, such as the src and alt attributes in the img element.

Now you should be more than ready to try your hand at adding the img element with its attributes to the Black Goose Bistro page in the next exercise. The image file is provided in the materials for this chapter.

You can also get the image file by saving it right from the sample web page online at www. Name the file blackgoose. Be sure to save it in the bistro folder with index. Once you have the image, insert it at the beginning of the first-level heading by typing in the img element and its attributes as shown here:. The src attribute provides the name of the image file that should be inserted, and the alt attribute provides text that should be displayed if the image is not available.

Both of these attributes are required in every img element. Try to match the screenshot in Figure Now save index. The page should look like the one shown in Figure Add line breaks br to the Location and Hours section so your page matches the example in Figure Open index.

This is just one of the ways to add a style sheet; the others are covered in Chapter The style element is placed inside the head of the document. Start by adding the style element to the document as shown here:. Now, type the following style rules within the style element just as you see them here. It should look like the page in Figure Not bad for one chapter! Unfortunately, one missed character can break a whole page.

With just one character out of place Figure , the remainder of the document displays in emphasized italic text. Omitting the slash in the closing tag or even omitting the closing tag itself for block elements, such as headings or paragraphs, may not be so dramatic.